Q. The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body is called _________________.
A. external respiration
B. internal respiration
C. pulmonary ventilation
D. cellular respiration
Answer- internal respiration
Q. Which of these functions cannot be attributed to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?
A. warms incoming air
B. filters particles from incoming air
C. moistens incoming air
D. initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here
Answer- initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here
Q. The ____________ cartilage(s) mark(s) the lowermost portion of the larynx.
A. cricoid
B. thyroid
C. epiglottic
D. corniculate
Answer- cricoid
Q. The true vocal cords are those that produce the sounds of the human voice. Where are these located?
A. opposite the cuneiform cartilages
B. superior to the false vocal cords
C. inferior to the false vocal cords
D. within the pharynx
Answer- inferior to the false vocal cords
Q. Within the bronchial tree, which tubes are small branches that enter the lobules of the lungs?
A. terminal bronchioles
B. alveolar ducts
C. intralobular bronchioles
D. lobar bronchi
Answer- intralobular bronchioles
Q. Thin-walled outpouchings of the alveolar ducts of the lungs are the ___________________.
A. alveolar ducts
B. alveolar sacs
C. alveoli
D. respiratory bronchioles
Answer- alveolar sacs
Q. The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is _________________.
A. atmospheric pressure
B. muscular contraction
C. reduced surface tension inside the lungs
D. muscular relaxation
Answer- atmospheric pressure
Q. The lipoprotein known as _____________ reduces surface tension within the alveoli so they do not collapse during exhalation.
A. surfactant
B. phospholipid
C. beryllium
D. alveolar membrane lipoprotein
Answer- surfactant
Q. The force of exhalation is primarily due to _____________________.
A. greater atmospheric pressure outside the lungs than inside
B. elastic recoil of thoracic muscles
C. forceful blowing to remove air from the lungs
D. muscular contraction
Answer- elastic recoil of thoracic muscles
Q. Even after the most forceful exhalation, a certain volume of air remains in the lungs. This volume is called the ________________.
A. tidal volume
B. expiratory reserve volume
C. vital capacity
D. residual volume
Answer- residual volume
Q. The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is the _________________.
A. total lung capacity
B. inspiratory reserve volume
C. vital capacity
D. expiratory reserve volume
Answer- vital capacity
Q. The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain?
A. peripheral chemoreceptors
B. dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
C. ventral respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
D. pneumotaxic area
Answer- dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
Q. The respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of _______________.
A. alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane
B. alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane
C. alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane
D. alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
Answer- alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
Q. Whether oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood or not is dependent upon _______________.
A. the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood
B. the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs only
C. the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
D. the partial pressure of all gases in the atmosphere and blood
Answer- the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood
Q. Within the blood, oxygen is primarily transported __________________ while the bulk of carbon dioxide is transported _________________.
A. in association with hemoglobin; as carbon dioxide, dissolved in the plasma
B. as deoxyhemoglobin; as carbaminohemoglobin
C. as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate ions
D. dissolved in the plasma; as carbaminohemoglobin
Answer- as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate ions
Q. What is the first structure in this respiratory sequence?
A. lungs
B. trachea
C. larynx
D. pharynx
Answer- pharynx
Q. Which structures play the greatest role in warming and humidifying air?
A. ethmoid sinus
B. soft palate
C. conchae
D. frontal sinus
Answer- conchae
Q. The area directly superior to the soft palate is the _____.
A. larynx
B. nasopharynx
C. oral cavity
D. oropharynx
Answer- nasopharynx
Q. Which sinuses are not paranasal sinuses?
A. mastoid
B. ethmoid
C. sphenoid
D. frontal
Answer- mastoid
Q. Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
A. oropharynx
B. oral cavity
C. laryngopharynx
D. nasopharynx
Answer- nasopharynx
Q. Which passageway serves as a common route for food or air?
A. esophagus
B. laryngopharynx
C. oropharynx
D. trachea
Answer- laryngopharynx
Q. What is the opening to the larynx called?
A. trachea
B. epiglottis
C. laryngopharynx
D. glottis
Answer- glottis
Q. What is the Adam's apple directly part of?
A. thyroid cartilage
B. tracheal rings
C. cricoid cartilage
D. epiglottis
Answer- thyroid cartilage
Q. Which part of the respiratory tree has the greatest relative percentage of smooth muscle fibers?
A. trachea
B. alveoli
C. bronchi
D. bronchioles
Answer- bronchioles
Q. The only structures that allow gas diffusion across them are the _____.
A. bronchioles
B. alveoli
C. alveolar ducts
D. bronchi
Answer- alveoli
Q. Which principle normally prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration?
A. the thickness of the alveolar membranes
B. the amount of cartilage within bronchi
C. pressure within the thoracic cavity
D. secretion of surfactant
Answer- secretion of surfactant
Q. The space between the two lungs is called the _____.
A. pleural cavity
B. thoracic space
C. mediastinum
D. pericardial cavity
Answer- mediastinum
Q. What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing?
A. high pH; high CO2
B. low pH; low CO2
C. low pH; high CO2
D. high ph: low CO2
Answer- low pH; high CO2
Q. When swallowing, the soft palate would have to move downward in order to prevent food from entering the lungs.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. The smooth muscle within the vocal cords allows them to change their tension for vocalization.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. The trachea contains rings of cartilage that surround the windpipe to keep it rigid.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. The lungs contain a ciliated mucous lining that helps remove foreign particles from them.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. The respiratory membrane is comprised of the two layers of the alveoli.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE