Q1. Which statement is not true about catabolic processes?
A. They break down larger molecules into smaller ones.
B. They decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
C. Water molecules separate bonds, resulting in smaller molecules.
D. Dehydration synthesis is involved in catabolic processes.
Answer- Dehydration synthesis is involved in catabolic processes.
Q2. Enzymes function in chemical reactions to ____________________.
A. lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction
B. act as substrate molecules
C. prevent the development of metabolic pathways
D. keep reactants from interacting
Answer- lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction
Q3. Most of the readily-available energy stored in ATP is stored during the ________________.
A. decomposition of ATP to ADP
B. phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
C. phosphorylation of AMP to ADP
D. manufacture of adenosine
Answer- phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
Q4. The first several steps of glycolysis are considered the energy-investment steps because ______________.
A. energy within glucose is expended to start the pathway
B. energy is stored in the form of ATP and expended later
C. energy from ATP is transferred to intermediates along the pathway to drive the reactions
D. metabolic pathways can be interconnected, and glucose could enter more than one pathway
Answer- energy from ATP is transferred to intermediates along the pathway to drive the reactions
Q5. The steps of glycolysis occur in the ________________, the transition reaction occurs in the _________________, and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is carried out in the _________________ of the cell.
A. cytosol; mitochondrion; mitochondrion
B. cytosol; cytosol; mitochondrion
C. liver; muscle; stored fat reserves
D. cytosol; ribosome; mitochondrion
Answer- cytosol; mitochondrion; mitochondrion
Q6. The acetyl group is transported to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) by what carrier?
A. mitochondrial inner membrane
B. FADH2
C. coenzyme A
D. oxaloacetic acid
Answer- coenzyme A
Q7. During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down to ______ molecules of pyruvic acid, _______ hydrogen atoms are released, and there is a net gain of _______ ATP molecules.
A. 2; 4; 2
B. 4; 2; 4
C. 4; 8; 32
D. 1; 4; 32
Answer- 2; 4; 2
Q8. What occurs during the citric acid cycle?
A. Glucose is generated.
B. Electrons are passed along cytochromes.
C. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released, and two molecules of ATP form.
D. Oxaloacetic acid is regenerated from coenzyme A.
Answer- Carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released, and two molecules of ATP form.
Q9. The purpose of the hydrogen carriers, NADH and FADH2, is to create______________.
A. hold energy from pyruvate until it can be transferred during the transition reaction
B. transfer iron to the cytochromes
C. generate ATP within the mitochondrial matrix
D. hold energy from the bonds of glucose and carry it to the electron \A D transport chain \MC Molecules of ATP are generated in the electron transport chain by _____________. (pp. 112-113)
Answer- transfer iron to the cytochromes
Q10. One of the consequences of inadequate dietary carbohydrate is breakdown of stored fat and the unhealthy accumulation of ____________.
A. ketone bodies
B. glucose in the liver
C. fatty acid oxidases
D. glycogen
Answer- ketone bodies
Q11. Protein molecules can also be used to supply energy for the body, but to do so, proteins must first be stripped of their ____________.
A. COOH groups
B. ATP
C. #NAME?
D. urea
Answer- #NAME?
Q12. Metabolic pathways are regulated by a(n) ____________ enzyme, which is also often the first enzyme in a series.
A. activating
B. rate-limiting
C. accelerating
D. threshold
Answer- rate-limiting
Q13. A genetic mutation refers to _________________.
A. a missing chromosome only
B. a missing or altered nucleotide base or a missing gene
C. an effect that is deleterious only
D. an effect that is beneficial, at least most of the time
Answer- a missing or altered nucleotide base or a missing gene
Q14. The process of copying DNA to be used in protein synthesis is called __________ and occurs ______________.
A. translation; with ribosomes
B. complementary pairing; in the cytoplasm
C. DNA replication; with codons and anticodons
D. Transcription; in the nucleus
Answer- Transcription; in the nucleus
Q15. Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?
A. synthesis of cholesterol
B. production of ketones
C. hydrolysis of proteins
D. dehydration reactions involving monosaccharides
Answer- hydrolysis of proteins
Q16. The molecule that an enzymes reacts with is called its _____.
A. coenzyme
B. cofactor
C. metabolic pathway
D. substrate
Answer- substrate
Q17. Which of the following terms incudes all of the others?
A. coenzyme
B. cofactor
C. enzyme
D. protein
Answer- enzyme
Q18. What is the combination of the five carbon sugar and the nitrogenous base called in ATP?
A. ribose
B. adenine
C. adenosine diphosphate
D. adenosine
Answer- adenosine
Q19. If sufficient oxygen within a cell were available, what would be the end product of glycolysis?
A. pyruvic acid
B. lactic acid
C. phosphoenolpyruvate
D. glucose-6-phosphate
Answer- pyruvic acid
Q20. What are the direct end products of the Citric Acid Cycle?
A. carbon dioxide and water
B. ATP and acetyl-coenzyme-A
C. ADP and heat
D. citric acid
Answer- carbon dioxide and water
Q21. What are the final end products of the electron transport chain?
A. ATP and NADH
B. ATP and water
C. ADP and hydrogen
D. ATP oxygen
Answer- ATP and water
Q22. Which molecule represents the storage form of glucose in the liver?
A. glycogen
B. glucagon
C. disaccharide
D. lactic acid
Answer- glycogen
Q23. Which reaction must occur before a triglyceride is to be used for energy?
A. beta oxidation
B. hydrolysis
C. glycolysis
D. liponeogenesis
Answer- hydrolysis
Q24. Potentially life-threatening ketone bodies are the result of ______metabolism.
A. lipid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. cholesterol
Answer- lipid
Q25. The first step in the utilization of proteins for energy is ________which occurs in the liver.
A. beta oxidation
B. deamination
C. hydrolysis
D. amino acid synthesis
Answer- deamination
Q26. Genes are functional regions found within molecules of ______.
A. ribonucleic acid
B. adenosinetriphosphate
C. adenine and guanine
D. deoxyribonucleic acid
Answer- deoxyribonucleic acid
Q27. Which of the following is not a compatible base pairing in DNA?
A. adenine-uracil
B. adenine-thymine
C. cytosine-guanine
D. guanine-cytosine
Answer- adenine-uracil
Q28. The production of mRNA from a DNA template is termed _____.
A. transcription
B. translation
C. replication
D. mutation
Answer- transcription
Q29. The base sequence termed the anticodon is found on molecules of _______.
A. DNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. rRNA
Answer- tRNA
Q30. The addition of oxygen to a cell during glycolysis will increase the amount of ATP produced by this metabolic pathway.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q31. Most of the ATP energy in the metabolism of glucose is derived from the Kreb's cycle (TCA; Citric Acid Cycle.)
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q32. The essential amino acids are the 20 that must be supplied in the diet.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE