Q. Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A. Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
B. Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus.
C. Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
D. The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.
Answer- Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
Q. Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A. endocrine
B. paracrine
C. eccrine
D. glycoprotein
Answer- paracrine
Q. Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _______________ for _______________ hormones.
A. binding site; nonsteroid
B. membrane receptor; steroid
C. activity site; G protein
D. second messenger; nonsteroid
Answer- second messenger; nonsteroid
Q. Which of these is not a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A. negative feedback
B. direct nervous stimulation
C. release of tropic hormones
D. degradation of the endocrine gland
Answer- degradation of the endocrine gland
Q. Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A. in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
B. in the posterior pituitary
C. in the anterior pituitary
D. in the brain stem
Answer- in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
Q. There are several types of cells in the anterior pituitary. Which ones secrete growth hormone?
A. mammatropes
B. gonadotropes
C. corticotropes
D. somatotropes
Answer- somatotropes
Q. Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
A. thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. prolactin
Answer- adrenocorticotropic hormone
Q. Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A. antidiuretic hormone
B. oxytocin
C. thyroxine
D. triiodothyronine
Answer- antidiuretic hormone
Q. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood?
A. thyroxine
B. triiodothyronine
C. calcitonin
D. thyroid-stimulating hormone
Answer- calcitonin
Q. Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _______________.
A. Grave's disease
B. cretinism
C. Hashimoto's disease
D. myxedema
Answer- cretinism
Q. The hormone _______________, which is secreted by the adrenal _______________, causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
A. aldosterone; cortex
B. angiotensin I; medulla
C. cortisol; cortex
D. epinephrine; medulla
Answer- aldosterone; cortex
Q. Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.
A. all endocrine tissues of the body
B. the inner cortex of the adrenal medulla
C. the inner cortex of the adrenal medulla and the gonads
D. the gonads
Answer- the inner cortex of the adrenal medulla and the gonads
Q. In the pancreas, ______________ cells secrete insulin, which ____________ blood levels of glucose.
A. delta; raises
B. alpha; lowers
C. beta; raises
D. beta; lowers
Answer- beta; lowers
Q. What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?
A. The receptors on the target cells become no longer responsive to insulin.
B. Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
C. The individual consumes too much sugar, which causes an overload in the bloodstream.
D. Obesity seems to be the most common cause of IDDM.
Answer- Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
Q. The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the ______________ gland.
A. thymus
B. pineal
C. parathyroid
D. pituitary
Answer- pineal
Q. Which of these is not an endocrine property?
A. hormones reach targets through the blood
B. effects are slow and cyclic
C. rapid acting effects
D. effects caused by chemicals
Answer- rapid acting effects
Q. Which of these does not belong with the others?
A. protein
B. peptide
C. amino acid
D. steroid
Answer- steroid
Q. In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A. cAMP
B. hormone
C. enzyme
D. receptor
Answer- enzyme
Q. Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
A. pancreas
B. testes
C. salivary gland
D. parathyroid
Answer- salivary gland
Q. Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?
A. affect heart rate
B. control temperature
C. affect water balance
D. secrete FSH
Answer- secrete FSH
Q. Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. ACTH
D. ADH
Answer- ADH
Q. Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?
A. ADH
B. insulin
C. PTH
D. ACTH
Answer- ADH
Q. The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.
A. prolactin
B. estrogen
C. oxytocin
D. progesterone
Answer- oxytocin
Q. Which hormone has the greatest influence on the ability to secrete milk?
A. oxytocin
B. estrogen
C. prolactin
D. progesterone
Answer- prolactin
Q. Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A. somatotropin
B. testosterone
C. insulin
D. somatostatin
Answer- somatotropin
Q. Which of these does not directly stimulate the gonads?
A. FSH
B. TSH
C. LH
D. ICSH
Answer- TSH
Q. Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?
A. GH
B. thyroxine
C. TSH
D. ACTH
Answer- thyroxine
Q. It is possible to find all the hormones in a blood sample taken from the arm.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- TRUE
Q. Steroids exert their effects by increasing the amount of cAMP in the target cells.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. Hormones do not stimulate all cell types with equal probability.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- TRUE
Q. All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE
Q. High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. Nothing can be said
D. None of the mentioned
Answer- FALSE